Information 

... ABOUT ... 

Norfolk 

PortsmoutH 

BerKley 

Virginia 
AND VICINITY 



THe THree Cities -wKose in- 
d\jistrial ^ro-wtH and common 
commercial interests bid fair 
to res\ilt, tKroxj^H civic union, 
in ^wKat nxay be called 

Greater NorfolK. 



■•I 



ISSUED BY THE 

BOARD OF TRADE 

AND 

BUSINESS MEN^S ASSOCIATION 

OF 

NORFOLK, VIRGINIA. 
1905. 



H. N. CASTLE, 

Statistician. 



Burke & Gregory, Print. Norfolk, 



FOREWORD. 

Some time between 1630 and 1649, upon 
the banks of the Elizabeth river and its 
branches, all being arms of the Chesapeake 
bay, in the extreme southeastern part of 
the state, the earliest settlers of Tidewater 
Virginia made their homes. From these 
early settlements there came into being lit- 
tle towns, which have grown since that pe- 
riod into connected settlements, still bear- 
ing different names, but practically united 
by one community of interests. 

The oldest charter granted was to 'Nor- 
folk Borough, issued in 1736, and supersed- 
ed by the *city charter in 1845. ^^ 1752, 
Portsmouth was incorporated as a city, and 
in 1890 Berkley obtained its charter as a 
city. While these are the principal cities, 
others have grown up, such as West Nor- 
folk, South Norfolk, Port Norfolk, Lam- 
berts Point, Pinners Point, Sewells Point, 
Huntersville, Tanners Creek and others, all 
component parts of one residential and 
business community. As we now hear of 
the Boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx, 
of Brooklyn, Queens and Richmond as in- 
tegral parts of "Greater New York," so 
in the near future we shall hear of the Bor- 
oughs of Norfolk, of Portsmouth and of 
Berkley as component parts of what we 
may for convenience call ''Greater Nor- 
folk." 



As imperceptibly the boundaries of the 
separate communities have become merged 
in their residential and industrial union, so 
in time will come their corresponding 
civic union. 

A little more re-adjustment, a little more 
blending of interests, the realization that 
will finally come, that a united city of 
125,000 people can save in the marketing of 
its bonds, from one to two per cent, over 
what can be obtained by the separate cities ; 
the realization that the city expenses can 
be minimized and its improvements enlarg- 
ed under one governing and controlling 
head — then "Greater Norfolk," ''The 
Golden Gate of the Atlantic," "The 
'New York of the South," will be an ac- 
complished fact in its civic union, as it has 
already become in its industrial life. 

The great lumber and fertilizer interests 
of Portsmouth and Berkle}^ are intertwined 
with the financial interests of Norfolk. 

The manufacturers and jobbers of Nor- 
folk supply the wants of the Berkley and 
Portsmouth merchants and residents, and 
all three cities alike are proiud of the 
''Norfolk Navy Yard," on the Ports- 
mouth side of the river, the largest in 
area and destined to be the largest in im- 
portance in the United States. 

Eight great trunk lines of railway have 
their terminals located, some on one side of 
the river, some on the other, and all 
connected by a uniting Belt line. The Trans- 
Atlantic and Coast Steamship lines have 
their wharves on both sides of the river ; so 



while for convenience and comparison, the 
figures of the three largest cities will be 
given separately, as well as combined, yet 
it should be borne in mind that they are 
parts of ONE composite whole, of ONE 
business community. Their civic union is 
merely a matter of time and compelling 
necessity. 

Nature has been lavish in the opportuni- 
ties offered to make this section the great 
distributing point of exports and imports, 
for nowhere between the Gulf of St. Law- 
rence and the Gulf of Mexico is there lo- 
cated so commodious a harbor, such an 
abundance of anchorage ground, such 
splendid dockage facilities. No harbor up- 
on the Atlantic coast is so near the great 
North-Western, Central and South-Wesl- 
ern manufacturing cities of St. Paul, Chi- 
cago, Cincinnati, Louisville, St. Louis and 
Kansas City and their contributing terri- 
tory, and it is the natural outlet for their 
products and for the great grain growing 
and cattle raising districts. 

Within twelve hours ride of Greater 
Norfolk are the agricultural and manu- 
ufacturing products of 21,000,000 of people, 
and within twenty-four hours ride there live 
and move and have their being and in- 
dustrial life 39,000,000 people. The expan- 
sive growth of the South will probably 
show in the next census, that within 
twenty-four hours ride of Greater 'Norfolk 
there will be fully one-half the population, 
and over half the manufacturing industries. 

All indications point with certainty to 



the conclusion that as the South and South- 
west turn from a purely agricultural sec- 
tion to the development also of mines and 
manufactories, the concentration of rail- 
roads at Norfolk, will make it the port for 
a vast commerce, and just as the develop- 
ment of the West and Middle West have 
built up New York, Philadelphia and Bal- 
timore, so the development of the South 
and Southwest will build up Greater Nor- 
folk. She has had her ups and downs, her 
periods of progress and disaster, but 
through it all there has been an evolving 
advance. 

An optimistic feeling of present strength 
and future greatness has always inspired 
her citizens, which augurs much for her 
ultimate destiny. 

THE HARBOR. 

Connected by electric lines, ferries and 
railroads with all points on its shores, 
Hampton Roads becomes the larger har- 
bor for Greater Norfolk and the cities of 
the Roads, Newport News, Hampton and 
Old Point, aggregating a total population 
of 1 60,000 to 165,000. 

The outer harbor contains an anchor- 
age ground of forty to fifty square miles, cr 
nearly 40,000 acres with a depth of fifty 
feet, while the Elizabeth River and its 
branches form the smaller or inner harbor 
with a depth of about thirty feet, and 
cover about 1,000 acres, which dredging is 
steadily increasing. 



About thirty miles of wharf front are 
now available, and when the smaller 
branches are dredged there will be an avail- 
able water front of sixty to sixty-five miles 
out of a total port warden's line on Hampton 
Roads of approximately one hundred miles, 
constituting one of The Best Harbors in 
THE World, large enough and deep enough 
to float, at one time, all the navies of the 
world. 

Already the Captains of Industry have 
selected Hampton Roads as the great ship- 
ping point for that commodity, indispen- 
sable to industrial life — coal — and its next 
door neighbor, lumber; and who may fore- 
tell what the future shall bring forth, 
when these same Captains of Industry have 
eliminated the transshipment expenses of 
the products of the iron furnaces of Vir- 
ginia, Tennessee and Georgia, and of the 
coal mines of Virginia and West Virginia 
and their united i^roduct, the steel rails of 
Maryland and Pennsylvania mills and 
combining the iron and the coal, at the 
point of their natural convergence in the 
great steel works upon the shores of Hamp- 
ton Roads, return the steel rails, to build 
the railways of the South and the South- 
west in the same cars that brought the raw 
products; and when there shall be brought 
to the smelting works of Greater Norfolk, 
the lead and zinc, the copper and tin, the 
silver and gold ores of Virginia, Tennessee, 
North and South Carolina, who may limit 
the possibilities of industrial growth? That 
these are more than mere possibilities of 



realization is not unknown to those in 

closest touch with the ground-swell of 

progress that has shown its strength in 
the increased industrial activity. 

This is the central and pivotal portion 
of a great internal water-way system, ex- 
tending from New York to South Caro- 
lina. It is a port that remains free from ice 
and open from the begiiining to the end of 
the year. It is nearest to the great agri- 
cultural and manufacturing districts of the 
West. It is the most accessible port to the 
great coal and mineral fields of Virginia, 
West Virginia and the natural shipping 
port of those products of Tennessee, North 
and South Carolina. It is the center of a 
district containing the hardwoods of the 
North and South, and of the Southern pine. 
It is the center of the greatest trucking dis- 
trict of the country. It is the terminus of 
eight great trunk railway lines and will be 
the terminus of another. It is equipped 
with warehouses and docks of magnificent 
proportions that will compare favorably 
with those of Boston, New York, Phila- 
delphia and Baltimore. It is the most con- 
venient point of distribution of these varied 
products of the fields, the forests and the 
mines and of manufactured products of 
every kind and description. Well may one 
ask to what extent this port will grow, 
when what is already so great, appears to 
be but the beginning of the growth. 



CLIMATE. 

"Greater Norfolk" is located in lati- 
tude 36 degrees and 50 minutes, north, and 
in longitude 76 degrees and 19 minutes, 
west, and is surrounded by arms of the 
sea which render more equable the heat of 
summer and the cold of winter. It is 
blessed with a climate so delightful, so 
mild and healthful, ^that sunstroke is almost 
unknown, and very rarely in the coldest 
days of winter have there been deaths from 
extraordinary exposures to cold. Penetrat- 
ed by the salt air from the ocean, and 
washed by the tides which rise to a height 
of three to five feet, it has always been free 
from climatic complaints that have trou- 
bled other portions of the country not so 
advantageously situated. 

Such a climate is of incalculable value, 
not only in the prevailing healthfulness of 
its citizens, but also in the economic sav- 
ing of expense through the uniformity of 
conditions in the agricultural and manufac- 
turing industries; and in these days when 
profits are calculated by the fraction of a 
cent upon a large output, small savings 
often are controlling factors in producing 
or augmenting dividends to satisfied stock- 
holders. 

When a high maximum temperature is 
reached, usually of one day's occurrence, it 
is uniformly followed by a "breathing 
spell" of cooler weather, accompanied by re- 
freshing showers; when, in exceptional 
years, a low minimum temperature occurs, 



it is followed by a rising temperature of nor- 
mal, comfortable weather. 

Tables I to VI, covering- a period of fif- 
teen years, show an average maximum 
temperature of 9747 degrees ; an average 
minimum temperature of 13.13 degrees; 
and an average mean of 59.27 degrees for 
this entire period, accompanied by an aver- 
age precipitation of 46.27 inches. This is 
the best evidence of uniformity of tempera- 
ture and bountiful rainfall. 

THE PEOPLE. 

The descendants of the hardy settlers 
contemporaneous with Captain John Smith 
and his associates, followed by the Cavaliers 
that settled in Virginia, are to be found, 
now as then, foremost in the business, 
social, religious and political affairs. 

From them have sprung those who have 
made for themselves names that are point- 
ed at with pride in the conduct of state and 
national affairs. Though known as the 
''Mother of States" because of the settle- 
ment of the newer lands by her children, all 
were not tempted to leave their birthright 
of fair lands and fair skies, nor to leave a 
state that has been the "Mother of Presi- 
dents" as well as being foremost in the 
making of American history. 

After the conclusion of the Civil war, 
many from the North, who had seen these 
fertile fields, had lived in the comfortable 
climate and had learned to know the ster- 
ling worth of its people, and who had seen 



the great business opportunities ofifered in 
the development of its resources and in the 
rehabilitation of its industries, came and 
cast their lot with the people of the South ; 
so that the union of the Cavalier and the 
Puritan became an accomplished fact, in 
business, in church, in family and in state, 
to their mutual advantage, and gave an ad- 
ded impulse to material and social progress. 

The hereditary courtesy of the Southern 
man has softened the brusqueness of his 
'Northern neighbor, which, in turn, has 
quickened his own business activity ; and 
the stern practicality of New England's 
teachings, as shown by her daughters, has 
been made no less practical, but none the 
less softened, by the gentler graces of the 
daughters of the South, who in turn have 
learned valuable lessons from their North- 
ern associates. 

For the rougher work of the field and 
forest, of shop and mine, of construction 
and transportation, under the guiding hand 
of the white race, there is an abundant sup- 
ply of cheap labor in the 37 per cent of the 
population in the colored race, which still 
abides in the land of its ancestry, since its 
emancipation from slavery in 1862. And 
yet there is no dearth of employment for 
the industrious, intelligent laborer. For the 
indolent, there is no room, be he rich or 
poor, white, black or brown. 

10 



MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. 

For nearly two and one-half centuries 
there has been the conduct of business, inci- 
dent to a seaport town and a growing city. 

The people were not trying to build up 
great business monopolies, or all-absorbing 
trusts. They were satisfied to "live and to let 
live;" to enjoy, and to let others enjoy the 
blessings of life. It had for them far more 
attractions than the amassing of gigantic 
fortunes and the accumulation of untold 
millions, perchance a much more rational 
idea of life than has obtained elsewhere. 

But with the union of Southern oppor- 
tunities and 'Northern capital, there has 
been, since 1880, a rapid acceleration in the 
growth of business industries in every di- 
rection. The census of 1900, Table VII, 
shows that Greater Norfolk, with a popu- 
lation of 106,582, had 660 manufacturing es- 
tablishments, employing a capital of $17,- 
787,194.00. She paid out annually in wages 
$4,790,450, to 11,239 employes, and the 
value of the manufactured product was 
$19,549,540. 

This increase has resulted from factors 
which necessarily make for growth, viz : 

1st. Good sites for manufacturing es- 
tablishments contiguous to water and rail, 
of which there are plenty yet obtainable. 

2nd. Nearness to raw material and 
cheap transportation of the same. 

3rd. Cheap power. 10 cents to 4J cents 
per kilowatt for electric power, according 

11 



to amount used, and $2.75 per ton for coal 
by the car load to manufacturing consum- 
ers. 

4th. Nearness to market for the manu- 
factured products. 

5th. Cheap rates of transportation both 
by water and rail, to and from a natural dis- 
tributing point. 

6th. An equable climate the year round, 
thereby lessening the cost of production. 

7th. Cheap labor. 

8th. Moderate living expenses. 

9th. Freedom from strikes and other 
labor troubles. 

loth. An increasing "near by" market 
caused by the rapid development of the 
South and Southv^est, thereby calling for 
increased amounts of manufactured goods 
from the nearest supply point. 

If there has been the same proportionate 
percentage of growth from 1900 to 1905 as 
obtained from 1890 to 1900, Greater 'Nor- 
folk, with a population of 127,384, at the 
present time, has about 750 manufacturing 
establishments employing a capital of over 
$23,000,000, pays out in wages to some 
20,000 employes more than $8,000,000, and 
turns out a product of over $34,000,000. 

THE LARGER INDUSTRIES. 

Steadily, almost imperceptibly, there 
have grown a number of industries that 
now rank amongst the very largest in the 
United States and in the world. Greater 
Norfolk's coal shipments aggregate nearly 

12 



3,000,000 tons, and the enlargement of 
existing facilities and the building of new 
lines now in process of construction, indi- 
cate a conservative estimate of shipments 
from Hampton Roads of 10,000,000 tons 
annually. 

Greater Norfolk's lumber interests are 
the largest in the South, aggregating some 
600,000,000 feet of sawed and re-handled 
product, and exporting logs, squared timbers 
and staves to the amount of an additional 
80,000,000 feet.The recent sale of one of its 
lumber plants and accompanying timber 
lands for $1,250,000, and their consolidation 
with others into a still larger establishment, 
indicates the size of this industry. 

Its peanut market is the largest in the 
world, some 3,500,000 bushels being han- 
dled at the various peanut factories during 
the year. Its trucking interests roll up an 
aggregate value of $8,000,000 annually. Its 
stock yards bring the distinction of be- 
ing the largest market for horses in the 
South, handling them to the amount of 
$2,500,000. Its 3,500,000 bushels of oysters, 
engaging its attention a portion of the 
year, keep about 4,000 employes busy. 

Its winery, the largest east of Califor- 
nia turns the native grapes into 1,000,000 
gallons of the best of wines. Its cotton ex- 
ports place it fourth in the handling of 
this product, the shipments for the year 
ending August 31st, 1905, aggregating 
822,930 bales, breaking all previous records 
and involving a money worth of some 
$40,000,000. 

13 



It handles and manufactures some 
200,000 tons of fertilizers each season, 
which places it in the front rank in this 
industry. As a side issue it ships fish and 
game to the amount -of $1,000,000 annually. 

In all the industries that occupy its atten- 
tion it gives steady employment to 40,000 
employes at remunerative wages that en- 
ables them to build their own homes and to 
educate their children. 

OTHER BUSINESS ENTERPRISES. 

Aside from the 40 to 50 concerns that 
comprise these larger industries, it has 
some 250 to 260 additional ones engaged in 
the jobbing or manufacturing trades and 
distributing their goods over a more or less 
enlarged district, widening as they increase 
their facilities of trade. The nearly 300 
concerns embrace the lines of trade enumer- 
ated on pages 15 and 16. 

The smaller retail businesses engage the 
activities of about 1650 of Greater Norfolk's 
citizens, as shown in the lists of the mer- 
cantile agencies. These embrace every va- 
riety and kind of retail activity. 

There is opportunity for the enla'-gcment 
of existing. institutions and the installation 
of new enterprises, large and small, to keep 
pace with the rapid growth of local popula- 
tion, which naturally seeks to supply its 
commercial needs at this most convenient 
port, whence it also seeks to send abroad 
the varied products of its agricultural and 
manufacturing industries. 

14 



Manufacturing, Jobbing and Wholesale In- 
dustries of Greater Norfolk. 



AGRICULTURAL IMPLE- 

MENTS. 
AWNINGS & TENTS. 
BAGGING & TIES. 
BAKERS GOODS. 
BARBERS SUPPLIES. 
BARRELS. 
BASKETS. 
BED SPRINGS. 
BLACKSMITH SUPPLIES. 
BLANK BOOKS. 
BLOCKS & PUMPS. 
BOATS. 
BOILERS. 

BOTTLING WORKS. 
BRASS FOUNDRIES. 
BREWERIES. 
BRICK. 
BROOMS. 

BUILDERS HARDWARE. 
BUTTER. 
BUTTER DISHES. 
CARRIAGES & WAGONS. 
CHEESE. 
CHEMICALS. 
CIGARS. 

CIDER & VINEGAR. 
CLOTHING. 
COAL. 

CONFECTIONERY. 
COMFORTABLES. 
COLLAR PADS. 
CORNICES. 
CORN MILLS. 
COTTON. 

COTTON COMPRESSES. 
COTTON MILLS. 



COTTON FIBRE. 
COTTON OIL. 
COTTON SEED. 
COTTON YARN. 
CRATES. 

CREOSOTING WORKS. 
CUTLERY. 

DENTISTS SUPPLIES. 
DEVILED CRABS. 
DISTILLERIES. 
DRUGGISTS SPECIALTIES. 
DRUGS. 
DRY GOODS. 
EGGS. 

ELECTRICAL SUPPLIES. 
ENGINES. 
EXTRACTS. 
FARM SUPPLIES. 
FEED, HAY & GRAIN. 
FENCES. 
FLOUR. 
FERTILIZERS. 
FISH & GAME. 
FRUIT. 
FURNITURE. 
GAS FIXTURES. 
GROCERIES. 
GUANO. 

HARNESS & SADDLERY. 
HARDWARE. 
HARDWOODS. 
HATS & CAPS. 
HIDES. 
HOSIERY. 
ICE. 

IRON FOUNDERS & 
MACHINISTS. 



15 



MANUFACTURING, JOBBING AND WHOLESALE 
INDUSTRIES OF GREATER NORFOLK.— Con. ' 



KNITTING MILLS. 

LADDERS. 

LATH. 

LAWN MOWERS. 

LIME & CEMENT. 

LOCOMOTIVES. 

LUMBER. 

MACHINERY. 

MANTELS & GRATES. 

MARINE ENGINES. 

MARBLE WORKS. 

MATTRESSES. 

MEAL. 

MEATS. 

MILL SUPPLIES. 

NOTIONS. 

OFFICE FIXTURES. 

OILS. 

OYSTERS. 

PAINTS. 

PAPER. 

PAPER BOXES. 

PATENT MEDICINES. 

PATTERN & MODEL 

R MAKERS. I 

PAVEMENTS. 

PEANUTS. 

PEANUT BUTTER. 

PEANUT SPECIALTIES. 

PICKLES. 

PIANOS & ORGANS. 

PICTURE FRAMES. 

PLATING WORKS. 

PLUMBERS SUPPLIES. 

POULTRY. 

PRODUCE. 

PROVISIONS. 

RAILROAD SUPPLIES. 



REGALIAS. 

ROOFERS. 

RUBBER GOODS. 

RUBBER STAMPS. 

SAIL MAKERS. 

SALT DEALERS. 

SASH & DOORS. 

SCREENS. 

SEEDS. 

SHINGLES. 

SHIRT & OVERALL 

FACTORIES. 
SHOES. 
SHOE LASTS. 
SILK MILLS. 
SPORTING GOODS. 
STEAMSHIP SUPPLIES. 
STEEL SHUTTERS. 
STATIONERY. 
STAVES. 

STENCIL CUTTERS. 
STOVES. 
TABLES. 
TALLOW. 
TANKAGE. 
TEAS & COFFEE. 
TIN & SHEET IRON 

WORKERS. 
TOBACCO. 
TOYS. 

TRUNKS & VALISES. 
UMBRELLAS. 

UNDERTAKERS SUPPLIES. 
UNDERWEAR. 
WINERY. 

WINES & LIQUORS. 
WOODENWARE. 



16 



TRUCK FARMING. 

From a variety of causes, truck farming 
has become one of the principal industries 
of Tidewater Virginia. The equable cli- 
mate, the fertile soil, the regular rainfall, 
the nearness to an unfailing and ever in- 
creasing market, the reasonable rates of 
transportation, have combined to make 
Greater Norfolk the outlet of the greatest 
trucking region and shipping point in the 
South. 

The U. S. Census of 1900 states that the 
value of farm products in Norfolk county 
from 6,607 acres, was $705,059 for the year 
1899, or about $107 per acre. 

Record of shipments and intelligent es- 
timates of this growing industry, place the 
annual trucking products at between 
$7,000,000 and $8,000,000, from more than 
150,000 acres, and this product is not con- 
fined to one season but scattered through- 
out the entire year. 

The truck gardener gathers and ships his 
cabbage, kale, onions and spinach to the 
northern cities in mid-winter, oftentimes 
realizing $300 to $500 per acre, gross sales. 
He sends his lettuce and radishes by the 
ship-load in the early spring, while in the 
North the ground is still frozen. In April 
and May he reaps a rich harvest from the 
luscious strawberries, gathered while the 
northern berries are not yet in bloom. In 
June and July he sends train-loads and 
ship-loads of potatoes to that ever-demand- 
ing and never-supplied market of Boston, 

17 



Providence, New York, Philadelphia, Bal- 
timore and Washington. Later the canta- 
loupe and watermelon find a hearty wel- 
come amongst the 21,000,000 people with- 
in twelve hours ride of Greater Norfolk. 
Nor are the standard agricultural products 
lacking, all producing abundantly and 
bringing remunerative prices either in the 
market at home or abroad. Live stock of 
all kinds and poultry, as well, find a con- 
genial clime and reward their owners with 
abundant productiveness and a ready de- 
mand. And when the truck farmer has 
laid aside the activities of the field in the 
fall, he gathers the harvest of the sea from 
the oyster grounds adjoining his farm and 
thus completes the circle of the year ir 
making every month yield its quota to his 
income. 

COST OF LIVING. 

As much or as little as one chooses, will 
give the extremes. Industry, economy and 
good health will bring its reward to the 
man of good sense and good habits in the 
shape of a substantial living and a con- 
stant increase in his possessions here in 
Tidewater Virginia as in the wilder and 
less accessible portions of the country. 
Should one locate upon one of the five or 
ten acre tracts of land that can be purchas- 
ed for $25.00 to $100.00 per acre, within 
twelve miles of the city, and some still near- 
er, he could procure fish, clams and soft 
shell crabs from the near-by waters; within 
sixty days from planting, he could gather 

18 



fresh vegetables from his garden ; within a 
few months he would find the beginnings of 
his gatherings of berries and small fruits; 
in three to five years he could, pluck grapes 
from his vines and fruit from his trees, and 
literally "sit under his own vine and fig 
tree," while the limit of his gathering 
would be restricted only by the size of his 
fields and by his own industry. After de- 
ducting his own needs, his surplus products 
find a ready market which will pay for his 
clothing and farm improvements and with- 
in a decade he can have a valuable home, a 
substantial bank account and good credit, 
as many another has done before him. 

With capital to aid, he can, of course, ac- 
complish all this in a much shorter time 
proportionate to the extent of his financial 
ability. Land located at from five to 
twenty-five miles from the city he can pur- 
chase for $25.00 to $6a.oo per acre, accord- 
ing to the improvements and accessibility. 
Within the past few months (July, 1905) 
there have been sold to actual settlers, in 
tracts varying from 10 acres to 318 acres, 
more than 2,000 acres of improved and un- 
improved farming and truck land, at prices 
from $20.00 to $75.00 per acre, the average 
being $48 per acre. 

Likewise in the city, should he wish 
there to make his home, he would find all 
sorts of locations with prices correspond- 
ing to his choice and the extent of his finan- 
ces. Should he wish to rent residence prop- 
erty, he could meet his requirements at fig- 
ures ranging from $10.00 to $60.00 per 

19 



NORFOLK. PORTBMOUti 




month, a few being obtainable at $8.00 per 
month and some renting as high as $70.00, 
$75.00 and $100.00. 

In the newer additions, contiguous to 
electric lines with a five cent fare, he can 
purchase lots ranging in price from $200 

20 



BERKLEY AND VICINITY. 




to $800 per lot of 25 by 100 feet. In the 
older_ portions of the city and in the nearer 
additions, within walicing distance of the 
business center, he will find desirable 
locations at from $600 to $4,000 per lot of 
like size. He will find facilities for bnild- 

21 



ing a modest home upon the payment of 
$200 to $300 as his first payment, and addi- 
tional payments in monthly installments 
in amounts but little exceeding what he 
would pay in rent, and at the expiration of 
five to ten years, according to the cost of 
the property and the ratio of his monthly 
payments, he will own his own home. 
Should he have the means to build for him- 
self, he will find reliable contractors to erect 
an eight to a ten room house, with ordinary 
comforts, at $1,500 to $2,500, or a dwelling, 
with all modern conveniences, at prices 
ranging from $3,500 to $15,000 and upward. 
He can purchase improved property at 
prices ranging from $600 to $6,000 and up- 
ward. His taxes would be $2.05 per $100, 
upon a conservative valuation, in the city, 
and $1.05 in the county adjacent. Good 
fire departments of recognized efficiency, 
place Greater 'Norfolk in the class of "fav- 
ored risks," with correspondingly low rates. 
His fuel at $7.00 per ton for hard, and $6.00 
per ton for soft coal, his lighting and fuel 
gas at $1.00 per 1,000 cu. feet and city 
water at less than rates ordinarily charged 
in cities of like size. The cost of clothing, 
groceries, provisions and vegetables he will 
find at the usual rates and procurable at 
great department stores and public mar- 
kets and from the smaller corner stores. 

BUSINESS EXPENSES. 

Store room costs from $25.00 to $500 per 
month, according to size and location. Of- 
fice room can be secured at $10.00 to $50.00 

32 



per month. In the newer buildings with 
elevator service, water, heat and janitor 
service, 75 cents to $1.35 per square foot of 
office space per year, will be a fair average. 
If in the manufacturing line, he will find 
ready assistance in securing a desirable 
location, convenient to railroad and water 
shipment facilities. A recently chartered 
organization proposes to purchase desirable 
sites and hold them at such figures as 
will induce the establishment of manufac- 
turing industries. A helping hand is gladly 
extended by participation in the organiza- 
tion of bona fide enterprises, non-specula- 
tive in their character. 

Material for the construction of buildings 
and full equipment with power can readily 
be obtained locally at prices that will meet 
outside competition. 

FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 

Table VI shows the uniform, steady 
growth of this essential factor in the busi- 
ness development of Greater Norfolk. As 
the pulse of business life, it indicates how 
strong and vigorous or how feeble has be- 
come the commercial body. When in 1893 
and the years immediately following, other 
portions of our country were shaken by the 
failure of banks and other financial institu- 
tions, the banks of Greater 'Norfolk pursued 
the even tenor of their way, without a break. 
The market value of their stock standing at 
25 per cent, to 250 per cent, above par, 
their record of regular and satisfactory 

33 



dividends, their gratifying showing of a 
steadily accumulating surplus and increas- 
ing depositsi, evidence their solidity and 
conservative management. The varied 
and all-the-year-round industries of Tide- 
water Virginia keep in circulation and 
profitable employment the capital, surplus 
and deposits of all the banks, and trust 
companies of Greater Norfolk at a uniform 
rate of 6 per cent, upon real estate and com- 
mercial loans, thereby insuring a reason- 
able rate for industrial development and re- 
munerative returns to financial institutions. 
When there has been added to the in- 
vesting capital of Greater Norfolk a needed 
$3,000,000, the largtr commercial loans 
that now find ready accommodation at 4 
per cent and 4^ per cent, in the money cen- 
ters of the North, will remain here, where 
they properly belong. 

CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS. 

"A city that provides for the education 
of its children as shown by such school 
buildings, is a good community to live in," 
siaid a gentleman who came and saw and 
returned to his home in the North to close 
up his business and to bring on his family 
to become residents of Greater Norfolk. 

The same can be said of the churches. In 
addition to the figures given in table XI 
there are kindergarten schools, both public 
and private, also private schools and aca- 
demies of many years standing. 

34 



Figures, though eloquent, cannot give, in 
their mere presentation of results accom- 
plished, a complete realization of the years 
of toil, thought and planning which have re- 
sulted in building the many institutions that 
here make for a higher civilization, the elim- 
ination of poverty, and for a progressive and 
elevating environment. Mere material pros- 
perity, without these, would be a failure and 
worse than a failure. Hence when one sees 
from the accompanying tables, how the 
better things of life have kept pace with 
material growth, he notes the symmetrical 
development and feels that the city has been 
well builded. 

BUILDINGS. 

The Colonial dwelling in its simple 
beajUty, and the modern edifice with its 
more pretentious showing, are here to be 
found side by side, to say nothing of the 
modern flats and apartment houses, while 
the moss-covered, solid-timbered ware- 
house, weather beaten by the storms of 
more than a century, challenges the endur- 
ing ([ualities of the fourteen-story sky- 
scraper that has come to take its place. 

The austere simplicity of the habitat of 
the ''Gentleman of the old school" may still 
be found, and by its side the modern struc- 
ture with its conveniences of elevator serv- 
ice, hot and cold water, steam heat and 
electric lights. The beauty of the older 
public buildings, with their Doric, Ionic 
and Corinthian columns, is giving way to 

25 



an architecture more economical of space, 
combining strength and utility, yet not 
devoid of grace and adornment. The addi- 
tion of 600 to 800 office rooms in the new 
fire-proof buildings now erecting which 
will be ready for occupancy in the fall of 
1905, is an index of normal and healthful 
growth. The New South shows in her new 
constructions, that the best is none too 
good for her use. 

SUMMER AND WINTER RESORTS. 

One may truthfully say that Greater 'Nor- 
folk is both a summer and winter resort, 
and there are many locations especially 
fitted for the comfort, convenience and 
rest of those seeking change from the ex- 
tremes of climate and from the wear and 
tear of business life. 

Old Point Comfort, Virginia Beach and 
Pine Beach, all open the year round and 
readily accessible, are the best known and 
of National reputation. Ocean View and 
Pine Beach are respectively the ''Atlantic 
City" and "Coney Island" of Greater Nor- 
folk, affording wholesome and restful re- 
sorts for the toilers of the city. Willoughby 
Beach, Sewell's Point, Buckroe Beach, 
Cape Henry and other places, easily acces- 
sible, are the natural and inexpensive places 
which break the monotony of daily toil, re- 
fresh and invigorate by ocean baths and 
breezes, and furnish unlimited sport to the 
followers of Isaak Walton. 

26 



PLACES OF INTEREST. 

Greater Norfolk is upon historic ground, 
a part of the Old Dominion State, where 
were enacted the earliest great events in 
American history. Near by, within a few 
hours ride by boat or rail, can be seen the 
ruins of the first settlement of 1607 at 
Jamestown ; the foundation of the House 
of Burgesses at Williarasbm'g and the 
halls of the college whose history dates but 
a year later than that of Harvard, the oldest 
in America; also the University so wisely 
planned and founded by the Sage of Monti- 
cello and the old historic churches of Wil- 
liamsburg, Smithfield, Hampton, Glouces- 
ter, Richmond and Greater Norfolk. 

One can stand upon the spots consecrat- 
ed by those patriots whose names are house- 
hold words in American history and revered 
by every lover of his country, the names of 
Washington and Jefferson, of Patrick 
Henry and John Marshall, of Madison and 
Monroe ; can see the monuments com- 
memorative of events from the landing of 
Sir Christopher Newport at Cape Henry in 
1607, through the stirring events of 1776 
^„4jhrough the later historical epoch of i860 
and 1812, Yorktown and Great Bridge, and 
o 1865, when Manassas and Fredericks- 
burg, Richmond and Petersburg, the Shen- 
andoah Valley and the Wilderness, were 
enriched by the blood of the heroes who 
fought with Lee, Jackson and Grant in the 
most sanguinary strife the century had 
seen ; can view the spot where occurred 

27 



^^< 



the memorable fight between the Monitor 
and Merrimac-Virginia which revolution- 
ized battleship construction and naval 
warfare. One can look upon nature's won- 
ders in the sparkling waters of Lake Drum- 
mond, in the midst of the Dismal Swamp, or 
the Natural Bridge and caverns in the 
highlands of the Appalachian chain ; the 
sand dunes of Cape Henry or the peaceful 
scenes in the valley lying at the base of the 
Blue Ridge. 

She may not count her historic places by 
a millenium of years, but what is far bet- 
ter, Virginia can point to their tremendous 
influence on human advancement and for 
a higher civilization, an incentive to a 
broader liberty and to an unselfish, helpful 
growth. 

JAMESTOWN EXPOSITION. 

Already the eyes of the country and of 
the world are turning toward this section, 
where in 1907 will be held the great inter- 
national celebration commemorating the 
first permanent Anglo Saxon settlement in 
America in 1607, at Jamestown, Va. Exten- 
sive building construction is now in prog- 
ress, backed by appropriations of the United 
States government and by many of the 
State legislatures, and here will be held the 
greatest naval demonstration ever held in 
America and probably in the world. With ex- 
position rates, what better opportunity could 
be afforded to visit the cradle of America's 
first settlements and view the harbor, bear- 

28 



ing upon its bosom the gathered navies of 
the world, to behold the white wings o^ 
commerce, to see the growing cities and 
their extensive industries, to experience the 
salubrious climate, to realize the tremend- 
ous natural resources of this region, to meet 
the people and know their warm hospitality, 
to view the government and municipal 
structures, school buildings, churches, hos- 
pitals and libraries, to visit the summer re- 
sorts and places of interest and to spend 
sufficient time to appreciate how a New 
South has been builded and how a new era 
has dawned upon the fairest of climes and 
lands. 

Wherefore if you are doubtful of all this 
growth and remarkable showing of what 
has already been accomplished, as shown 
by the accompanying tables, "come and 
see." 

Then when you have seen and believed 
and know the reality, act as any wise man 
should act, and participate in the life, com- 
forts and profits that are to be found in 
this portion of the ''Queen" of States, Tide- 



water Virginia. 



29 



Table I.— NORFOLK, VA. 
Record of United States Weather Bureau. 





Years. 


Temperature. 


Rainfall. 


Maxim'm 


Minimum 


Average. 


1890 

1891 

1892 

1893 

1894 

1895 

1896 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900 

1901 

1902 

1903 

1904 


96 
97 
99 
95 
97 
100 
98 
96 
96 
99 
100 
100 
98 
97 
94 


22 

22 
19 

6 
13 

2 
11 
11 
15 

3 
13 
16 
18 
14 
12 


61 

60 
58 
58 
60 
59 
60 
60 
60 
59 
61 
58 
59 
59 
57 


50.22 
50.63 
49.24 
57.90 
53.09 
45.41 
44.22 
42.66 
53.14 
38.41 
39.34 
42.61 
38.48 
46.10 
42.60 


15 


97.47 


13.13 


59.27 


46.27 



30 



Table II.— NORFOLK, VA. 
Record for 1890 of U. S. Weather Bureau. 



..... 1 


Months 


Temperature 


Rainfall 


Max. 


Min. 


Average 


January .... 
February . . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. . 
October .... 
November . . 
December. . . 


76 

79 
81 
84 
86 
95 
96 
93 
89 
88 
79 
64 


25 

30 

22 
38 
47 
58 
60 
58 
59 
37 
30 
25 


51 
52 

48 
57 
67 
77 
77 
75 
72 
61 
53 
41 


1.13 
1.98 
4.06 
3.70 
4.03 
2.79 
6.33 
9.36 
6.64 
3.96 
0.23 
6.01 


Table III.— NORFOLK, VA. 
Record for 1895 of U. S. Weather Bureau. 


Months 


Temperature 


Rainfall 


Max. 


Min. 


Average 


January. . . 
February. . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. . 

October 

November. . 
December. . 


70 
68 
76 
84 
96 
99 
95 
95 
100 
76 
80 
69 


15 

2 
29 
39 
44 
58 
63 
63 
54 
42 
28 
24 


40 
40 
47 

58 
64 
76 
76 
79 
77 
59 
53 
45 


4.30 
2.62 
5.36 
6.07 
8.60 
2.39 
4.36 
2.58 
0.19 
1.99 
3.41 
3.54 



31 



Table ^ IV.— NORFOLK, VA. 
Record for 1900 of l). S. Weather Bureau. 



Months 


Temperature 


Rainfall 


Max. 


Min. 


Average 


January. . . 
February. . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August. . . . 
September. 
October . . . 
November . 
December.. 


65 
70 
70 
82 
94 
92 
100 
100 
98 
88 
78 
70 


13 
13 
22 
35 
46 
56 
65 
66 
57 
43 
33 
24 


^ 42 
40 
45 
56 
67 
75 
81 
82 
76 
66 
55 
43 


2.13 
3.75 
4.16 
4.43 
2.74 
2.52 
6.51 
3.37 
1.92 
2.22 
3.34 
2.25 


Table V.— NORFOLK, VA. 
Record for 1904 of U. S. Weather Bureau. 


Months 


Temperature 


Rainfall 


Max. 


Min. 


Average 


January . . . 
February. . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August. . . . 
September . 

October 

November . 
December. . 


68 
76 
78 
84 
90 
94 
94 
92 
90 
86 
69 
69 


14 
12 
28 
33 
50 
56 
65 
62 
51 
43 
30 
20 


36 
36 

48 
55 
67 
74 

77 
76 
72 
60 
49 
39 


3.19 
3.56 
3.67 
1.13 
2.62 
4.17 
6.56 
4.24 
4.02 
2.26 
1.96 
•5.22 



32 






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34 



Table VIII. 
Growth of Greater Norfolk=U. S. Census. 



< 


Cities and 

r^riTTMTV 


Population 


Per Cent Gain 


Number 


Total 


Years 




10 


20 


1880 
1890 
1900 
1905 


Norfolk 

Portsmouth . 
Berkley. 


21, 966 
11,390 




















Bal. County. 


25, 301 


58, 657 










Norfolk 

Portsmouth.. 

Berkley 

Bal. County.. 

Norfolk 

Portsmouth.. 

Berkley 

Bal. County.. 


34, 871 

13, 268 

3,899 

25, 000 




59.2 
16.5 








77,038 31.3 




46, 624 
17,427 

4,988 
45, 792 




33.7 


112.3 
53.0 

"96.'8' 




31.3 
27.9 
49.0 




114,831 


fNorfolk 

fPortsmouth. . 

fBerkley 

*Bal. County.. 


64,500 

29, 400 

9,800 

56, 187 




















159, 887 






UNDERWRITERS' INSPECTION BUREAU. 

N u mber of Record Pages Descriptive of Business 
and Manufacturing Property. 








Date of Publication | 






1894 1 1895 1 1900 1 1904 


1 1905 


Noi 


•folk . . 80 

tsmouth 






285 

179 

35 


350 


Por 




50 


Ber 


kley 


21 








f Directory estimate. 

* Estimated by addition of same proportionate 
percentage of gain as obtained in Census from 1890 
to 1900. 



35 



Table IX. 
Showing Land Assessments from Tax Lists. 



Cities and 
County 



Assessed 
Value 



Total 



Per Cent Gain 
IN Years 



5 I 10 I 20 



1880 



Norfolk 

Portsmouth 

Berkley 

Norfolk Co. 



$8,765,492$ 
2, 706, 985 
210, 876 
3, 227, 721 



14, 911, 074 



1885 



Norfolk 

Portsmouth 

Berkley 

Norfolk Co- 



ll, 988, 560 
3, 464, 960 
647, 664 
4, 218, 92020, 320, 104 



36.6 

28.0 

207.1 

36.2 



Norfolk 

1 oon Portsmouth 
^^^ Berkley 

Norfolk Co.. 



14, 305, 335 

3, 895, 750 

1, 176, 369 

4,755,30924,132,763 



19.3 
12.4 
66. 
21 .'7 



63.2 
31.5 
8 
61.8 



2457 



1895 



Norfolk 

Portsmouth 

Berkley 

Norfolk Co.. 



19, 981, 930 
4, 411, 241 
1, 189, 252 
6,172,17731,754,600 



39.6 

13.2 

1.0 

31.1 



66.6 
27.3 
84.2 
56.2 



1900^ 



Norfolk 

Portsmouth 

Berkley 

Norfolk Co... 



22, 449, 970 

5, 740, 200 

1, 497, 605 

9,162,23038,900,005 



12.3 
31.2 
25.9 
22.1 



56.9156.7 
68.9112.0 
27.3610.2 
61.1160.9 



Norfolk 

, OAK Portsmouth 
^^"^erkley 

iNorfolkCo... 



29, 129, 190 
6, 264, 425 
1, 615, 500 

10, 189, 991 



29. 
9. 

7. 



45.8142.9 
42.0 80.8 
35.9|149.2 



47, 199, 106 



21.3 48.61132.3 



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39 



INDEX. 



Anchorage Ground 4, 6 

Architecture 25, 26 

B. & L. Associations, 39 

Banks 23, 24, 39 

Benevolent Orders 39 

Berkley 1, 5, 20, 21 

Board of Trade Building 

(cut of) Back Cover 

Bonded Indebtedness 39 

Buildings 25, 26 

Buildings Erected 37 

Business Expenses 23 

Churches 24, 25, 38 

City Finances 39 

Civic Union 2, 3 

Climate 8, 9, 30, 31, 32 

Coal 6, 13, 22 

Colored Population per cent 10 

CostofLiviBg 18, 19, 22, 23 

Cotton 13 

Early History 1, 9, 27 

Fertilizers 14 

Financial Institu- 
tions 23, 24, 33, 39 

Fire Stations 38 

FishandGame 14 

Greater Norfolk 1, 2 

Greater Norfolk (map of)...' 5 
Hampton Roads (map of) 

20, 21 

Harbor 3, 4, 6, 7 

Harbor (map of ) 5, 20, 21 

Horse Market 13 

Hospitals 39 

Hotels 39 

Jamestovm Exposition. . .28, 29 

Eandei^artens 25 

Land Assessments 36 

Libraries 38 

Lumber 6, 7, 13 

Manufacturing Industries, 
....11, 12, 13, 16, 16, 23, 34 

Maps 5, 20, 21, 40 

Markets 17, 18 

Military Organizations 39 

Municipal Buildings 38 

Newspapers 39 

Norfolk 1, 5, 20, 21 



Oysters 13, 18 

Parallel Growth 37 

Parks 36 

Peanuts 13 

People 9, 10 

Places of Amusement 39 

Places of Interest 27 

Population 3, 35, 37 

Population (map of) 40 

Portsmouth 1, 5, 20, 21 

Postal Revenue 37 

Railroads 2, 7, 39 

Real Estate Sales 37 

Real Estate Trust Deeds. ... 37 
Real and Personal Assess- 
ments 37 

Rents 20, 21, 23 

Retail Trades 14 

Schools (private) 25 

Schools (pubUc) 25, 38 

Sewers (miles of) 38 

Sinking Fund 39 

Steamship Lines 39 

Streets (miles of) 38 

Street Railways 39 

Summer Resorts 26 

Table 1 30 

Table II 31 

Table III 31 

Table IV 32 

Table V 32 

Table VI 33 

Table VII 34 

Table VIII 35 

Table IX 36 

Table X 37 

Table XI 3S 

Table XI (continued) 39 

Taxes 22 

Truck Farming 17, 18, 19 

Truck Shipments 13, 17 

U. S. Property 38 

Wage Earners.... 11, 12, 14, 34 

Wharf Facilities 6, 7 

Wholesale Industries 14, 15, 16 

Winery 13 

Winter Resorts 26 

Y. M. C. A 38 




^VifiS^*- 



BOARD OF TRADE BUILDING, 
NORFOLK, VIRGINIA. 



QUARTERS OF 
BUSINESS MEN'S ASSOCIATION. 



